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Modes of operation

Crude oil, freshly extracted from seed contains undesirable impurities, which must be removed. These include free fatty acids, phosphatides, colour pigments and fine particles.

Using the FT66, the crude oil can be refined by operation in the following modes:-

Neutralisation/Washing:

Free fatty acids are removed by neutralising them with a strong base such as caustic soda, which forms a water- soluble soap. The soap is then removed by a combination of thorough washing, gravity settling and draining.

Phosphatides are also removed by washing, settling and draining after the addition of phosphoric acid to form water-soluble gums. Any water remaining in the oil is dried by heating the oil under vacuum.

Bleaching:

Colour pigments are removed or reduced by the addition of an adsorbent such as Fullers Earth.

The desired colour of the oil can be obtained by adjusting the amount and type of earth used and the physical conditions under which the bleaching operation is carried out.

Filtration:

After bleaching, an efficient filtering process ensures that the earth and other particulates are removed leaving a clean, refined oil ready for further processing such as hardening and deodorising.

The filter used for this is a pressure leaf type, which is commonly used in the edible oil industry for the removal of adsorbent.

Technical specifications
Reactor vessel
Material	stainless steel
Total volume	45 litres
Working volume	25 litres
Diameter	0.30m
Height	0.65m
Heating element	3.0kW
Cooling coil area	0.12m2
Agitator speed	250-1800rpm
Reagent vessel
Material	stainless steel
Working volume	3 litres
Diameter	0.165m
Height	0.20m
Heating element	1kW
Earth hopper
Material	stainless steel
Volume	0.3 litre
Pressure leaf filter
Material	stainless steel
Filter volume	3.8 litres
Filter cake capacity	1 litre
Filtering area	0.09m2
Filter screen	110 mesh (0.3mm wire)
Maximum pressure	3.0 bar
Vacuum pump
Type	liquid-ring
Sealant	water
Working vacuum	75mm Hg (ABS)
Sealant flow rate	8 l/m

Performance
Independent tests carried out by Manchester Metropolitan University, Hollings Faculty using crude Rapeseed oil gave the following analytical results
	Crude Oil	Neutralised	Bleached
Iodine value	117	117	117
Free fatty acid	1.5%	0.12%	0.1%

Colour	70 Yellow	50 Yellow	20 Yellow
	7 Red	3.3 Red	0.5 Red
	3.2 Blue

Soap in oil	—	<100ppm	nil
Peroxide	0.4 meguiv/kg	nil	nil

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